Drum Dance Essay Example for Free

Drum Dance Essay As seems to be common to many indigenous tribes, both the Saux and the Samoans led a spiritually-based life, which involved paying homage to a higher being. The Saux consistently sought guidance from the creator in how to live. In a similar way, the Samoans consulted wizards who practiced magical arts. Ceremonies formed an important part of tribal life. The aim was to honor their gods. For both the Saux and the Samoans, these often assumed the form of clan feasts, namings, adoptions, and burials. The Saux had major thanksgiving festivals a couple of times a year. These were to celebrate the start of the spring season and then again to celebrate the fertility of the land in summer after the harvest. Like the Saux, Samoans celebrated the New Year offerings, which is the principal feast of the year which honors their primary god, Tangaloa-fua. In recent times, new religious practices such as the Drum Dance have been added to the rich tapestry of Saux tradition. Dance has always dominated Samoan celebrations especially at weddings. Dance today, for both the Saux and the Samoans has changed hardly at all in its form and its meaning. Inherent in the flex of the hand and the turn of the foot, is the transferred and accumulated knowledge handed down from their ancestors. Further back in time, Samoans believed in demoniacal possession. Samoan wizards used charms to drive evil spirits out of the bodies of those possessed by them. Like the Samoans, the Saux had their own shamans that the tribe referred to in matters of possession, and whom they sought supernatural advice from when they needed guidance. Whilst we know that languages exist in linguistic families which we can use to trace their origins, both the Saux and the Samoans attribute more to language than simply words that they’ve always spoken. According to Saux tradition, their language contained all the accumulated knowledge of their ancestors. Similarly, Samoan wizards often claimed that they were speaking under the influence of a spirit. Language was a powerful medium when interpreted by Saux shaman or Samoan wizards. Animals and images of nature featured strongly in both Saux and Samoan religious life. The Saux believed that every person and animal had a ‘manito’ or guardian spirit. Samoans preferred to wear their beliefs and links to nature on their bodies. Tattooing has a long tradition in Samoan culture. Most of the motifs were of animal origin as there were considered sacred by different families. From a young age, Saux boys were taught to fast and keep holy vigils to bring their souls closer to the Great Spirit. Once they had proved themselves worthy, their ‘manito’ or guardian spirit would be revealed. Proving one self was also an important to Samoans. Seven-day long fires would be kept burning to celebrate a man who had proved himself in battle. This was done for anyone who made himself illustrious in battle. Both the Saux and the Samoans believed in the power of sacred objects. Once the guardian spirit was revealed to Saux boys, they could begin collecting sacred things to be kept in a bag around their necks. Similarly, Samoan wizards could invoke curses. By invoking O le tangata fai tui, they could curse an object of hatred or dread, and use enchantments against it. References Native Languages of the Americas. (2009). A Sauk Legend. Retrieved 21 May 2010 from Native Language of the Americas website : http://www. native-languages. org/saukstory. htm New Zealand Electronic Text Centre. (2008). Myths and Legends of Ancient Samoa. Retrieved 21 May 2010 from Victoria University of Auckland website: http://www. nzetc. org/tm/scholarly/tei-TuvAcco-t1-body1-d48.html Native Languages of the Americas. (2009). Native Americans Sac and Fox Culture and History. Retrieved 21 May 2010 from Native Language of the Americas website: http://www. native-languages. org/sac-fox. htm Scribd. (n. d). Samoan customs, Analogous to those of the Israelites. Retrieved 21 May 2010 from Scribd website: http://www. scribd. com/doc/3086235/samoan-customs-analogous-to-those-of-the-israelites Sultzman, Lee. (1999). Sauk and Fox History. Retrieved 21 May 2010 from http://www. tolatsga. org/sf. html

Data Management and Metadata Essay -- Computer Science

"Although fully searchable text could, in theory, be retrieved without much metadata in the future, it is hard to imagine how a complex or multimedia digital object that goes into storage of any kind could ever survive, let alone be discovered and used, if it were not accompanied by good metadata" (Abby Smith). Discuss Smith's assertion in the context of the contemporary information environment Introduction In the world of preservation and library science the common focus is on preserving content, ensuring its longevity, findability, and a stable consistent metadata and technology solution, However we live in an age where everyone is a publisher of some form, and more consistently the content they produce will be in a digital rather than analogue form. Within that content there will always be varying amounts of metadata, some will be populated with an immense detail and granularity, some content will have been created with no human intervention to add additional information to it. In fact much of the digital material produced will have been done so by people who have no concept of metadata, and no inclination to know about it or time to use it. The question raised by Smiths statement highlights many of the issues around data preservation and digital content, with metadata only being a part of those issues, but integral to the ongoing management of the massive influx of digital content being produced. Metadata Issues Lets begin with a potentially frightening piece of I.T. market research. â€Å" In 2010 the amount of digital information created and replicated worldwide was nearly 1,203 exabytes, (an exabyte is billion gigabytes or 1018 bytes)† IDC [1] With the amount of data growing exponentially year on year one could ask, ... ... 9. http://annotator.imense.com/info/ accessed 12-12-2010 10. http://www.virage.com/rich-media/index.htm accessed 12-12-2010 11. Board, Technology Strategy, Metadata production tools MAINSTREAM COLLABORATIVE R & D FUNDING Metadata production tools 2011 http://www.innovateuk.org/_assets/pdf/competition-documents/metadataproductiontoolscompetition.pdf accessed 02-01-2011 12. Bulterman, D.C.a., â€Å"Is it time for a moratorium on metadata?† IEEE Multimedia 11, no. 4 (October 2004): 10-17 (Bulterman, 2004) 13. Shah, Chirag. â€Å"ContextMiner: Supporting the Mining of Contextual Information for Ephemeral Digital Video Preservation.† International Journal of Digital Curation 4, no. 1 (2009): 175-192. http://ijdc.net/index.php/ijdc/article/view/111. 14. http://tagger.steve.museum/ accessed 21/12/2010 15. http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/ accessed 21/12/2010 .

Saving Private Ryan & a Fortunate Life Speech

Would you ever sacrifice your own life in order to save a stranger? Could you imagine watching fellow soldiers being shot and blown up all around you? Could you survive months on end in a war zone? Is one man’s life worth the lives of 8? Both Saving Private Ryan and A Fortunate Life depict war as being a major sacrifice for those involved. Both texts show the mental and physical hardship associated with war and the bonds and mateship shared between soldiers.Saving Private Ryan tells the story of 8 young soldiers who risk their own lives in order to save the life of one man. The first 20 minutes of the film is the most effective in illustrating the horrific conditions and images troops are subjected to. The opening scene being hailed as the most realistic interpretation of war is only enhanced by the use of a hand held camera that provides the audience with a view of war through a soldier’s eye, as well as adding to the chaos and confusion surrounding them.With the const ant sound effects of machine guns, shells and screams for help played throughout the movie and the use of silence when Captain Miller is defended by a shell, allows the audience to get an idea of the mental and physical hardship troops are exposed to and the difficulty they would encounter to overcome these problems. A strong message displayed in the film is that of loyalty, sacrifice and mateship. 8 men sacrifice their lives to save a man that they had never even heard of. Sharing a bond that only other troops would understand, they make their way across the country to find Private Ryan.Once found, Private Ryan refuses to leave as he believes his life is no greater than the soldiers he has been fighting with. He is not willing to leave until his mission is complete. This shows enormous sacrifice, not only by the men who found Ryan, but Ryan himself for not wanting to leave his fellow soldiers in their time of need. These messages are also made clear by Albert Facey in A Fortunate L ife. The descriptive language used through the book demonstrates the horrific events during war. This can be seen at the end of chapter 52 when Facey is describing the D-Day invasion onto the beaches of Gallipoli.He describes it as being â€Å"terribly frightening† and â€Å"shocking†, as well as this being descriptive language it is also a huge understatement, that Facey tends to use a great deal through the book. Both the understatements and descriptive language allow the reader to see the extent of the physical and mental damage on the troops. It emphasises the reality of the horrors they face from day to day. The use of dates, places, factual information and maps help in allowing the reader to receive a greater understanding of Facey’s journey and the obstacles overcome.Although the book is written in very simple language the message of sacrifice is made clear. An example of this is shown when Facey is injured and is offered a way out of the war, being prese nted with the opportunity to leave for the hospital ship, but declines as his battalion is already shorthanded and cannot afford to lose any more troops. This also shows the bonds troops share with one another, Facey is willing to suffer the ongoing pain in order to help out his fellow comrades. Both texts show the immensity of sacrifice each soldier is willing to give.Weather its saving a stranger’s life or fighting in the war, each and every soldier is doing there bit in ensuring that we all live in a free society. The attitude of loyalty they show towards one another is a testament to how we all should live by our own friends. The obstacles they encounter and the processes they embark on to overcome the physical and mental suffering, demonstrates that the majority of our own problems are nothing compared to the day to day torment soldiers are going through.

Case Study The Financial Crisis - 1084 Words

Enterprise and Social Responsibility Renato Passos 21271774 Assignment 1 – Case Study: The Financial Crisis The purpose of this case study is to provide an introduction to business ethics. The first section of the assignment is an overview of the stakeholders. The second part is the description of an utilitarian perspective and how it should be applied on the case study. This is followed by the definition of the three ‘maxims’, clashes of rights and two normatives theories examined and applied on the case study. The examples throughout this case study show the constructive side of the theories in terms of how they can be applied. 1.1 Identify each of the stakeholders and how they are affected. What are the main harms and benefits in this case for the different stakeholders based on the current situation? Stakeholders Harms Benefits Competitors Banks like Lehman’s Brothers and Nothern Rock faced weak balance sheets which made them not able to keep their finances. Banking bonuses are back’ which gives high street banks to maximise bank lending. Shareholder The value of shares drop drastically and became worthless. Shareholders had a low rate of profit during the crisis. Shareholders can have a greater rate of profit once banking bonuses are back, allowing banks to perform well. Property owners House owners face inability to sell and negative equity since house prices have increased. The loans have been provided for mortgages to people with poor credit history,Show MoreRelatedFinancial Crisis Case Study875 Words   |  4 PagesIn the lead-up to the global financial crises, Greece was already struggling financially. Joining the European Union (notably below the financial requirements in place by the union) further restricted the control the Greek Government had over manipulating their economy, predominantly due to the centralized euro currency. 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